Alat Pernapasan B Hewan

 Seperti halnya manusia, hewan juga bernapas. Cara bernapas hewan yang hidup di darat berbeda dengan hewan yang hidup di air. Oleh karena itu, alat pernapasan pada hewan sesuai dengan tempat hidupnya.
Ikan bernapas menggunakan insang, sedangkan katak bernapas menggunakan paru-paru dan kulitnya. Adapun burung bernapas dengan paru-paru. Berikut ini akan dipelajari sistem pernapasan pada ikan, cacing tanah, dan katak.
1. Alat Pernapasan Ikan
Pernahkah kamu melihat ikan di dalam kolam? Bagaimana cara ikan bernapas di dalam air? Ikan bernapas dengan insang. Ikan yang hidup di air tawar, air laut, maupun yang hidupdi payau, semuanya bernapas dengan insang. Insang terletak pada bagian belakang kepala ikan. Insang terdiri atas lembar-lembar insang dan lengkung. Lembaran insang berwarna merah karen mengandung pembuluh darah. Pada lembaran insang terjadi pertukaran udara. Lengkung insang berwarna putih dan berfungsi sebagai tempat melekatnya lembaran insang. Bagaimanakah proses pernapasan pada ikan? Ikan bernapas dengan cara membuka dan menutup insang. Air yang masuk melalui mulut akan dikeluarkan melalui insang. Pada saat air melewati lembaran insang terjadi pertukaran gas. Air, yang banyak mengandung oksigen, akan masuk melewati insang. Pada saat yang sama, karbon dioksida akan keluar melalui pembuluh darah lembaran insang. Pembuluh darah pun akan mengikat oksigen yang berasal dari air.
2. Alat Pernapasan Cacing Tanah
Pernahkah kamu melihat cacing tanah? . Tubuh cacing tanah tertutup oleh selaput bening dan tipis yang disebut kutikula. Kutikula ini selalu lembap dan basah. Melalui selaput inilah cacing bernapas. Kutikula menyebabkan udara di dalam tanah dapat masuk ke pembuluh darah cacing. Setelah masuk ke pembuluh darah, udara tersebut diedarkan ke seluruh tubuh.
3. Alat Pernapasan Katak
Alat pernapasan katak adalah paru-paru dan kulit. Namun, ketika masih berbentuk kecebong, katak
hidup di dalam air dan bernapas menggunakan insang. Insang tersebut terletak di luar tubuhnya
seperti Gambar 1.6. Setelah menjadi katak dewasa, alat pernapasannya menggunakan paru-paru dan
permukaan kulit
Gambar 1.6 Read more...

Alat Pernapasan A Manusia

Ketika kamu bernapas, kamu menghirup dan mengeluarkan udara. Melalui organ apakah udara tersebut masuk ke dalam tubuhmu? Begitu pula ketika kamu mengeluarkan udara, melalui organ apakah udara tersebut keluar dari tubuhmu? Udara merupakan campuran dari berbagai gas. Di antaranya gas oksigen dan gas karbon dioksida. Bagian udara yang kamu hirup adalah oksigen, sedangkan bagian udara yang kamu keluarkan adalah karbon dioksida. Ketika kamu menghirup udara, oksigen masuk melalui hidung, kemudian masuk ke pangkal tenggorokan Setelah itu, oksigen melewati dua saluran yang berukuran lebih kecil dari tenggorokan. Dua saluran ini disebut bronkus. Setelah melewati bronkus, udara masuk ke paru-paru.
1. Hidung
Hidung merupakan indra penciuman. Hidung terdiri atas dua bagian, yaitu lubang hidung dan rongga hidung. Perhatikan Gambar 1.2. Ketika kamu menghirup udara, udara masuk ke dalam tubuhmu melalui hidung. Di dalam rongga hidung terdapat rambut dan lendir. Rambut dan lendir berguna untuk menyaring udara yang masuk. Pernahkah kamu bernapas dengan menggunakan mulut? Menurutmu, mana yang lebih baik, bernapas dengan mulut atau dengan hidung? Coba kamu diskusikan dengan teman atau gurumu
2. Tenggorokan dan Paru-paruParu-paru manusia terletak di dalam rongga dada. Paruparu terdiri atas paru-paru kanan dan paru-paru kiri. Paru-paru kanan berukuran lebih besar dibandingkan dengan paru-paru kiri. Hal itu disebabkan paru-paru kanan terdiri atas 3 buah gelambir, sedangkan paru-paru kiri terdiri atas 2 buah gelambir.
Udara yang masuk melalui hidung, kemudian melewati pangkal tenggorokan. Dari pangkal tenggorokan udara masuk ke tenggorokan (trakea). Di dalam dada, trakea bercabang menjadi dua yang disebut bronkus. Setiap bronkus menuju ke paru-paru kanan dan paru-paru kiri. Bronkus tersusun dari pipa-pipa kecil yang disebut bronkiolus. Pada ujung bronkioli terdapat kantong udarayang disebut alveolus. Alveolus berfungsi sebagai  Lubang hidung tempat pertukaran gas karbon dioksida (CO2) dan uap air dengan gas oksigen (O2). Setiap kamu bernapas, udara segar yang mengandung oksigen masuk ke paru-paru. Oksigen kemudian diedarkan ke seluruh tubuh melalui pembuluh darah. Pada waktu yang bersamaan, karbon dioksida dikeluarkan dari dalam tubuh melalui paru-paru. Tubuh manusia memerlukan asupan oksigen. Oksigen digunakan untuk melepaskan energi dari makanan.
Energi tersebut dimanfaatkan oleh tubuh untuk pertumbuhan dan perkembangan. Read more...

class V nature science

At the beginning of each semester, you will get the activities of the semester. in
Semester 1 Class V, you will learn the functions of human organs.
Functions of human organs include respiratory system, the system
digestive, and circulatory system. Three systems can experience
disorders or diseases.
To better understand the material on the functions of human organs and their
illness, do the following activities of the semester.
1. Activity theme: disorders and diseases in the human body
2. Type of Activity: observation (observation)
3. Activity objectives: to know and identify abnormalities or disease that can occur in the human body.
4. Work Activities

• Have a letter for permission from your school to do observation in the hospital / health center.
• Perform observation (observation) in one hospital or health center in your area.
• The things you would do in these observations include as follows. a. observation disease You can observe a direct or ask for an explanation of the hospital / health center. Find information about the types of diseases, symptoms of the disease, as well as ways to overcome them. you can interviewed a doctor or health worker at the hospital / health center. You must prepare the following results table. Read more...

Branch of Natural Science

 The main branch of natural science are:

      astronomical
      biology
      ecological
      physics
      geology
      Physical geography-based science
      geography
      chemical

ASTRONOMICAL

Astronomy is the branch of science that involves the observation of celestial objects (such as stars, planets, comets, nebulae, star clusters, or galaxies) as well as natural phenomena that occur outside the Earth's atmosphere (such as the cosmic background radiation (CMB radiation)). This Science examines the various sides are a staple of the heavenly bodies — such as the origin, nature physics/chemistry, meteorology, and motion — and how the knowledge of these things explain the formation and development of the universe.

Astronomy as a science is one of the oldest, as known from astronomical artifacts-artifact dating from the prehistoric era; for example the monuments of Egypt and Nubia, or Stonehenge coming from Britain. The people of the civilization of the early civilization of Babylon-sort of, Greece, China, India, and Maya is also found to have committed a methodological observation over the night sky. However, although it has a long history, astronomy can evolve into a new branch of modern science through the invention of the telescope.

Quite a number of branches of science that had also included as part of astronomy, and when considered, the nature of these branches are very diverse: from Astrometry, celestial navigation, observational astronomy-based, up to the preparation of the calendar and astrology. However, nowadays the professional astronomy are considered to be synonymous with Astrophysics.

In the 20th century, professional astronomy split into two branches: the astronomical observational and theoretical astronomy. The first involves the collection of data from observations of heavenly bodies, which will then be analyzed using the basic principles of physics. The second focused their efforts on the development of computer models to explain/analytical properties of celestial objects as well as other natural phenomena. As for the second branch of this are complementary — theoretical astronomy seeking to explain the results of astronomical observations, observational astronomy and observational then will try to prove the conclusion made by theoretical astronomy.

Amateur astronomers have been and continue to play a role in many astronomical discoveries, making astronomy is one of the few Sciences where amateurs power still holds an active role, especially in the discovery and observation of transient phenomena.

Astronomy should be distinguished from Astrology, which is the belief that the fate and human affairs related to the position of the heavenly bodies such as stars or rasinya. It is true that these two fields have the same origins, but at the moment both are very different.

 

BIOLOGICAL

 

Biology or life sciences is the science that studies the physical aspects of life. The term "organic" borrowed from Dutch, biology, also from the combination of the Greek word, βίος, bios ("life") and λόγος, logos ("symbol", "science"). The term "life sciences" borrowed from Arabic, means "science of life." Organic objects in this study is very broad and includes all living in different aspects of life.

Various branches of biology specializing in each group of organisms, such as botany (the study of plants), zoology (the study of animals), and microbiology (the study of micro-organisms). These differences and grouping based on physical characteristics of groups of organisms studied systematically, which also includes taxonomy and paleobiology.
Examined various aspects of life also in biology. The physical characteristics of the body studied in the anatomy and morphology, while its function is studied in physiology. Animal behavior is studied in ethology. The development of the physical characteristics of living things in the long study period in the evolution, while the growth and development in the life cycle is studied in developmental biology. Interaction between people and nature around them are studied in ecology, inheritance mechanism, which is useful in maintaining the survival of a species of living beings, is studied in genetics.
Today, even more aspects of biology that studies the possibility of living things evolve in the future, the possibility of life on other planets than Earth, namely astrobiology. Meanwhile, technological developments allow the evaluation of constituent bodies at the molecular level through molecular biology and biochemistry, which is widely supported by the development of computer technology throughout the field of bioinformatics.
Many biological sciences developed in the 19th century, scientists discovered that organisms have basic characteristics. Biology is now the subject of school lessons and universities around the world, with over a million documents are performed each year in a wide range of biological and medical journals.

 

 

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NATURE knowledge

Natural Science (English: natural science, or natural science) is the term used to refer to the grove where the item is a science of natural objects with certain laws and public policy at any time anywhere
Science (science) was taken from the Latin word scientia which literally means knowledge. Sund and Trowbribge formulate that Science is a collection of knowledge and processes. While Kuslan Science Stone says that is a collection of knowledge and ways to get and use knowledge. Science is a product and a process that can not be separated. "Real Science is both product and process, inseparably overlapping" (Agus. S. 2003: 11)
Science as a process of steps taken by scientists to conduct investigations to seek an explanation of natural phenomena. The move to formulate the problem, formulating hypotheses, designing experiments, collecting data, analyzing and finally concluded. Emerging from the fundamental nature of science means quantification can take the form of the volume of natural phenomena.
Studying natural science & physical aspects of Earth and nonhuman nature. Natural science form the foundation for applied science, which are both known from the social sciences, humanities, theology, and art.
Mathematics is not considered a natural science, but used as a provider of equipment / tools and frameworks used in the natural sciences. The term natural science is also used to identify "science" as a discipline following the scientific method, in contrast to natural philosophy. At school, studied natural sciences in general on the subject of Natural Science (usually abbreviated to IPA).
Degree of precision of natural science is relatively high considering the real thing, because it's natural science is also commonly called an exact science.
In addition to the traditional use of the above, today the term "natural sciences" is sometimes used approach is more appropriate meaning in everyday perception. From this angle, "natural science" can be an alternative to biological significance, are involved in biological processes, and it is known from the physical sciences (related to the laws of physics and chemistry underlying the universe). Read more...